Wednesday, November 12, 2014

Frequent Questions About Critical Infrastructure

Why is critical infrastructure important to me?
Critical infrastructure includes the electricity that runs our homes and businesses; the water that we drink, use to fight fires, and to support industrial production; and our telephones, televisions, and Internet communications. It includes our roads, railroads and waterways, banks and financial systems, and all of the commerce and other underpinnings that represent the American way of life.
Simply stated, critical infrastructure comprises the goods and services that are necessary for business continuity and are vital to daily life for each and every American. Our infrastructure is grouped into broad sectors and includes a vast array of multi-dimensional, physical and virtual assets, systems, networks, and functions. Disrupting or destroying our Nation’s critical infrastructure would have major impacts, because we are all connected to it—individual citizens, the private sector, and all levels of government.

How do we know what infrastructure is considered critical? 
Critical infrastructure is defined as systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so vital that their incapacitation or destruction may have a debilitating impact on the security, economy, public health or safety, and/or the environment, across any Federal, State, regional, territorial, or local jurisdiction. Infrastructure may be critical to one particular jurisdiction, a State, a multi-state region, or the Nation as a whole, depending on the scale of the consequences that would occur if these assets were damaged or destroyed. Thus, we are all responsible for helping keep our critical infrastructure safe and ensuring that it is resilient to all hazards.

What does it mean to protect critical infrastructure?
At its core, protection is about trying to manage overall risk to our infrastructure by warding off threats, reducing weaknesses or vulnerabilities, and minimizing the impact or consequences of negative events that occur. Protection includes a wide range of activities that are relevant to private-sector owners and operators, such as:
·         Strengthening facilities to different kinds of hazards through improved security measures or better design.
·         Building resiliency and redundancy into various systems used in day-to-day operations.
·         Implementing cybersecurity measures.
·         Conducting business continuity planning, training, and exercises.

How do we know what infrastructure is considered critical? 
Critical infrastructure is defined as systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so vital that their incapacitation or destruction may have a debilitating impact on the security, economy, public health or safety, and/or the environment, across any Federal, State, regional, territorial, or local jurisdiction. Infrastructure may be critical to one particular jurisdiction, a State, a multi-state region, or the Nation as a whole, depending on the scale of the consequences that would occur if these assets were damaged or destroyed. Thus, we are all responsible for helping keep our critical infrastructure safe and ensuring that it is resilient to all hazards.

What does it mean to protect critical infrastructure?
At its core, protection is about trying to manage overall risk to our infrastructure by warding off threats, reducing weaknesses or vulnerabilities, and minimizing the impact or consequences of negative events that occur. Protection includes a wide range of activities that are relevant to private-sector owners and operators, such as:
·         Strengthening facilities to different kinds of hazards through improved security measures or better design.
·         Building resiliency and redundancy into various systems used in day-to-day operations.
·         Implementing cybersecurity measures.
·         Conducting business continuity planning, training, and exercises.

What is my role in protecting critical infrastructure?
The protection of our Nation’s infrastructure is a shared responsibility. Each of us has a role in the effort, whether we work with Federal, State, or local governments or in the private sector. We can do our part to be prepared, to report suspicious activities, and to learn all we can about critical infrastructure protection and resilience.

Why is private-sector engagement so important?
The vast majority of our Nation’s infrastructure is owned and operated by the private sector—virtually all infrastructure assets and systems are physically located within local jurisdictions. As such, national infrastructure protection efforts start with the commitment, support, and engagement of local and regional communities and the commercial enterprises located there.

What does it mean for me to help implement the National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP)?
The NIPP is a national plan that provides the roadmap for a safer, more secure, and more resilient America. The plan defines overall roles and responsibilities for public and private partners and outlines a comprehensive approach for managing the risks facing our Nation’s infrastructure. There are many ways that you can join the national partnership for implementing the NIPP. You can participate in information-sharing mechanisms, join in community planning activities, and use the NIPP Risk Management Framework as a model for evaluating the risks to your operation. Understanding how you are connected to, and mutually dependent on, other infrastructure sectors around you is one of the first steps you can take to strengthen protection and resilience and implement the NIPP.

How does the private sector collaborate with the government on infrastructure protection and resilience at a national level?
A broad public-private partnership known as the Sector Partnership Model provides a basis for national-level coordination. This framework is comprehensive, because it involves virtually every sector of our national economy and connects to all levels of government. This partnership balances the needs and interests of an incredibly diverse group of partners who share a common interest: to protect our Nation’s infrastructure and make it more resilient to attacks, natural hazards, or other kinds of emergencies. The partnership approach includes a hotline that connects private-sector and government partners across all the sectors.

How does my sector connect to this overall collaboration effort?
Sixteen of the critical infrastructure sectors have a coordinating body known as a Sector Coordinating Council. The councils provide a venue for private-sector owners and operators to share ideas and air concerns. These councils also offer a mechanism to coordinate with the government on infrastructure protection activities. The Sector Coordinating Councils are organized, run, and governed by the private sector, not the government, so they speak for and represent the interests of that particular sector. Their membership is diverse, including owners and operators from large and small businesses, to ensure that a wide range of views are included in the process.

How can I learn more about what my sector is doing in the areas of protection and resilience?
Each infrastructure sector has published a plan that documents how it is evaluating the risks it faces, what actions are being taken to manage those risks, and how government and industry are collaborating in those efforts. Several of these sector-specific plans are available on the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Web site. You can email us at NIPP@hq.dhs.gov to learn more.

What do we mean by risk in the context of critical infrastructure protection and resilience?
Risk is the potential for an unwanted outcome from an incident, event, or occurrence, as determined by its likelihood and the associated consequences. To understand risk, you have to understand the nature and magnitude of potential threats, existing vulnerabilities to that threat, and the consequences that could result. At the national level, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security analyzes risk for each of the critical infrastructure sectors, working in close collaboration with Federal, State, and local authorities, and private-sector owners and operators. Each sector is also responsible for assessing the risk it faces in terms of threats, vulnerabilities, and consequences and taking action to manage that risk based on knowledge about sector operations and the overall risk landscape. To learn more, you can contact NIPP@hq.dhs.gov.

What are the benefits of assessing infrastructure risk to my business operations?
Understanding the risk you face and identifying actions you can take to manage that risk are responsibilities of every infrastructure owner and operator. By following the simple steps in the NIPP Risk Management Framework you can be better prepared to deter or mitigate a potential terrorist attack or natural hazard, and you will position your business to return to full operations more quickly in the event of a natural disaster or other type of incident.

What are some of the key considerations in assessing risk to infrastructure?
You should consider the following questions in this process:
·         What types of events could happen that would affect your business? Natural hazards? Industrial accidents? Terrorism?
·         What are the essential elements of your business? Is it your physical plant or facilities? What about your networks and systems? Your workforce? What goods or services do you require to continue functioning? Do you have specialized equipment?
·         How vulnerable are your essential business elements to the different types of hazards that you may face?
·         What would the consequences be in terms of human lives and economic impact if these essential elements were damaged, disrupted, or destroyed by an event in your community?
You can use this information to develop strategies to protect your business through increased security and to build a business continuity plan to ensure you can remain operational during almost any emergency.

How do we get information about risks and threats to our sector?

Each sector is responsible for assessing the risk it faces in terms of threats, vulnerabilities, and consequences and taking action to manage that risk based on knowledge about sector operations and the overall risk landscape. The sectors publish a sector-specific plan approximately every three years that documents how they are evaluating the risks they face, what actions are being taken to manage those risks, and how government and industry are collaborating in those efforts. To learn more, you can contact us with questions atNIPP@hq.dhs.gov.

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