Public Health : Will Mobile Care Units Replace Ambulances?

There's nothing like an ambulance when you really need one, but they're expensive, and a lot of people who call an ambulance could be better served with a different, cheaper kind of care.

Eric Whitney, Kaiser Health News | September 8, 2014

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When they get a call for medical help, most fire departments scramble both an ambulance and a fully staffed fire truck. But that’s way more than many people really need, says Rick Lewis, chief of emergency medical services at South Metro Fire Rescue Authority in the Denver suburbs.

“It's not the prairie and the old West anymore, where you have to be missing a limb to go to the hospital. Now it's a sore throat, or one day of cold or flu season sometimes, and that can be frustrating for people, I know it is.”

It's frustrating for both ambulance crews and patients. Somebody who’s been running a fever for a couple of days needs help, but not necessarily an ambulance ride to the ER.

Ambulance crews aren’t required to transport everyone who calls, but Lewis says crews fear lawsuits if they were to leave and a patient got worse. Also, ambulance companies typically don’t get paid unless they take somebody to the hospital. So Lewis teamed up with Mark Prather, an emergency room doctor, to come up with a better way.

“We created a mobile care unit that can go to a given patient, if we think they're safe to treat on scene, and provide definitive on-scene treatment,” says Prather.

The "mobile care unit" is, basically, a station wagon. Advance practice paramedic Eric Bleeker shows off some of the gear. “This one is a suture set, so it has everything for wound closure, from staples to regular sutures,” he says.

Ambulances don't have that. So, even someone with a small cut that just needs a quick couple of stitches? They get a ride to the emergency department.
 

Call and Response

While several cities across the country have started using paramedics as physician extenders, sending ambulance crews to do routine things like hospital follow-up visits in places where basic health care is hard to get, South Metro’s model focuses on responding to calls. The team always includes at least one nurse practitioner, so they can carry and prescribe basic medicines.

“A lot of what we do is sort of that mid-level between the acute care you receive in an emergency department and what the paramedics can currently do,” says Bleeker. It's kind of like an urgent-care clinic on wheels.

There’s also a miniature medical lab.

“We can run full blood chemistry, we can do complete blood counts, we can check for strep throat, we can check for influenza,” he says. Those are capabilities that even many doctors’ offices don't have on site.

That person who called 911 because they were running a fever could end up being diagnosed and treated in their living room by South Metro's station wagon for about $500, says South Metro Chief Lewis. He estimates similar care in an emergency room could cost six or seven times that.
 

Record Check

South Metro Fire's new service also relies heavily on Colorado's new electronic medical records network. The nurse or EMT can call up patient records on the scene to provide care that’s more like an office visit, and dispatchers can check recent medical histories to make sure they send ambulances to people who might really need one.

Mark Prather, the doctor who helped come up with this new treatment model, would like to see it spread. But so far, insurance companies don’t pay for it.

“Yeah, and that's maybe why nobody has done it yet,” he says, laughing.

For the last nine months South Metro has been running the sub-ambulance service without getting paid for it, to prove that it works.  But Prather thinks that's about to change because of the Affordable Care Act. The law aims to get insurance companies and government programs like Medicare and Medicaid to stop paying for too much medical care. And health care providers who contribute to overuse of emergency rooms could be penalized.

“It allowed us to think about payment differently, and basically switch from a volume situation to a quality situation,” he says.

But it's not like the law just flips a switch and starts paying for appropriate care instead of rewarding providers who see a high number of patients and do lots of procedures. The change to reward efficient, appropriate health care is just starting to happen. Slowly. But Prather is now in talks with several big health care payers and hopes to be making money soon. 

Kaiser Health News is an editorially independent program of the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, a nonprofit, nonpartisan health policy research and communication organization not affiliated with Kaiser Permanente. 

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